Introduction

Data arrays mean information that is obtained in the initial stage of researches. Such information is diverse and it may be determined by the nature of research. In general, biological researches are of three kinds:

  1. Planned experiments
  2. Sample analyses
  3. Observational researches

The major part of the data is obtained by applying any of the above-mentioned three models of research. In planned experiments, an effect is produced on something and then its response is observed. In sample analyses, data is collected according to the plan called the analysis plan; the effect is not produced on units. Usually, individuals have certain characteristics which the investigator is interested in. In observational researches data is collected by way of observation; no effect is produced and no analysis plan is used. Only the data on accessible individuals is collected.

The data collected in all researches is processed statistically and research results are received. Methods of data analysis and the results received depend on the nature of data collected.